Bail enforcement agents, commonly referred to as 'bounty hunters' are unique to the United States. In other parts of the world bail amounts are generally lower, and the practice of bounty hunting is against the law. As a result only US bail bond agents commonly employ bail enforcement agents. Bail enforcement agents generally work directly for a bail bond agent for a percentage of the defendant's bail. The bail bondsman is held responsible for the remainder of the defendant's bail should he elude bail and miss his court date. Employing a bail enforcement agent is one means by which the bail bondsman ensures the appearance of his clients at trial. US bail bond enforcement agents apprehend an estimate 31,500 fugitives annually. This accounts for about 90% of all defendants who flee on bail.
The authority with which a bail enforcement agent may act varies greatly depending on the state in which they work. Some states allow a bail enforcement agent in pursuit of a bail jumper to enter the fugitive's residence without a warrant in order to execute a re-arrest. Bounty hunters operating in California must undergo a background check, and complete a variety of courses in order to satisfy state requirements. Though a bail enforcement agent may pursue a fugitive across state borders, they are held accountable to the laws governing their industry in the state through which they are pursuing a fugitive. In this case the laws of their state of residence don't apply.
Bail enforcement agents have been a mainstay in popular fiction for decades. The most popular of all bounty hunters is arguably the Man with No Name. A character made famous by Clint Eastwood in the westerns A Fist Full of Dollars, For a Few Dollars More, and The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly. The character of Stephanie Plum is another fictional bounty hunter in New Jersey, popularized by the novels of Janet Evanovich.